Situational Awareness

Heavy armored warfare is entering a transition period. Legacy main battle tanks remain lethal, but they are increasingly challenged by precision anti-tank weapons, drones,...

As drone threats grow in range, speed, and sophistication, many existing counter-UAS systems struggle to keep up. Ground-based radars are limited by terrain, jammers...

Modern warfare is increasingly shaped by technologies that operate beyond traditional bullets and bombs. As conflicts move into dense urban areas and contested electromagnetic...

Modern military operations increasingly take place in environments where GPS cannot be relied upon. Electronic jamming, urban terrain, dense foliage, and underground spaces can...

Modern main battle tanks were designed to defeat threats coming from the front and sides. Today, that assumption no longer holds. Inexpensive first-person-view drones...

Modern battlefields are shaped as much by the electromagnetic spectrum as by physical terrain. Communications, sensors, navigation signals, and targeting systems all depend on...

Small, fast FPV drones have become one of the most difficult threats for ground forces to manage. Flying low and maneuvering aggressively, these systems...

Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards remain among the most dangerous threats soldiers can face. Detecting and responding to these risks is often slow,...

Modern military drones rely heavily on satellite navigation to orient themselves, map terrain, and support ground forces. In environments where GPS or GNSS signals...

As unmanned systems become more common, the challenge is no longer just flying a drone, but managing many of them at once. In current...

Modern unmanned systems rely heavily on satellite navigation, but in many operational environments GPS has become a fragile resource. Adversaries now routinely jam or...

One of the main constraints on unmanned aerial systems has always been endurance. Even large drones with long range are limited by fuel capacity,...

For much of the post–Cold War period, the United Kingdom invested relatively little in homeland air and missile defense. Long-range ballistic threats were seen...

Cyber operations are increasingly seen as a way to shape the battlefield before the first aircraft or ground unit moves. Power grids, communications networks,...

Search-and-rescue teams often struggle with a basic operational challenge: disaster zones are unpredictable, unmapped, and full of obstacles that confuse traditional robotic systems. Standard...

For much of the post–World War II era, Japan kept defense-spending tightly constrained, relying on alliances and a strictly defensive posture to ensure security....

Robots designed for ground exploration often struggle with two conflicting demands: they need to travel long distances efficiently, yet also maneuver through cluttered or...

Air-defense systems have become highly effective at intercepting rockets and missiles, but they come with a persistent problem: cost and capacity. Low-cost threats such...

Modern navigation systems rely heavily on satellite timing, and that dependence has become a growing vulnerability. GPS signals can be jammed, spoofed, or disrupted...

Monitoring vessel movements has become far more difficult in recent years. Ships involved in sanctions evasion, smuggling, or illicit transfers frequently disable their Automatic...

Modern ground forces face a recurring challenge: many critical tasks occur in places too dangerous or too unpredictable for soldiers to enter safely. Minefields,...

Loss of pilot capability remains one of aviation’s most dangerous failure modes. Whether caused by medical issues, hypoxia, or sudden onboard emergencies, pilot incapacitation...