Infrared

Loitering munitions have become a central feature of modern conflict, offering a relatively low-cost way to strike targets with precision. However, many existing systems...

The rapid spread of small drones on the battlefield is exposing a persistent weakness in traditional air defense: low-altitude coverage. Quadcopters and loitering munitions...

Thermal imaging cameras are increasingly used in security, industrial inspection, automotive safety and emergency response. Yet one component has remained a persistent cost driver:...

Modern air operations are often complicated by poor visibility. Darkness, heavy weather, smoke and dust can all degrade sensors and make it harder to...

Ice remains one of the most underestimated hazards in transportation. On roads, invisible ice contributes to a significant share of weather-related crashes each year....

Locating radioactive material quickly is one of the most difficult challenges facing emergency and security services. Hazardous sources can be extremely small, mobile, and...

Modern military operations unfold simultaneously in the air, at sea, on land, in space and in cyberspace. Yet for decades, command-and-control systems were largely...

Entering a burning structure remains one of the most dangerous tasks for emergency responders. Extreme heat, toxic smoke, and unstable interiors often prevent crews...

For more than two decades, homeland missile defense has relied on an interceptor architecture originally fielded in the early 2000s. That system was designed...

Modern military aircraft operate in increasingly contested airspace. Portable surface-to-air missiles, radar-guided threats, and improvised munitions pose constant risks to rotary- and fixed-wing platforms...

Modern air operations are being stretched by distance, cost, and risk. Fighter aircraft are expected to operate deeper into contested airspace, while facing increasingly...

Countering long-range attack drones has become a persistent challenge for air defense planners. Low-cost, long-endurance UAVs can loiter for hours and strike far from...

Armored vehicles are facing a wider and more complex threat environment than ever before. Alongside traditional anti-tank missiles and rocket-propelled grenades, modern battlefields are...

Air combat is becoming increasingly complex as threats multiply and reaction times shrink. Pilots are expected to manage dense sensor data, coordinate with multiple...

Robots are increasingly deployed in environments that are unsafe or inaccessible for humans, from collapsed buildings and underground tunnels to industrial sites and disaster...

Modern naval forces face a difficult equation at sea. Warships are expected to operate closer to contested coastlines, where radar clutter, civilian traffic, and...

Defending maritime approaches has become increasingly complex as naval air defenses grow more capable. Modern surface combatants rely on layered sensors, radar-guided interceptors, and...

Laser-based data links are increasingly attractive for aircraft and space systems that need to move large volumes of information quickly. Free-space optical communication (FSOC)...

Stealth fighters are no longer defined only by their shape. As air combat shifts toward longer ranges, dense electronic warfare, and mixed formations of...

One of the main constraints on unmanned aerial systems has always been endurance. Even large drones with long range are limited by fuel capacity,...

Operating aircraft over heavily defended territory has become increasingly difficult as air-defense systems grow more capable and networked. Traditional surveillance platforms struggle to remain...

High-performance infrared imaging normally requires exotic materials or cryogenic cooling, making it too costly for widespread commercial or security use. Conventional CMOS sensors—the same...