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Carrier-based air operations are increasingly constrained by range. As strike aircraft become more capable and missions push farther from the carrier, a growing share of deck space and flight hours is consumed by manned refueling aircraft rather than combat platforms. This limits operational flexibility and reduces the number of fighters available for frontline tasks.
A new uncrewed system is intended to ease that bottleneck. Recent runway taxi (of MQ-25 Stingray) tests marked a key milestone for a carrier-based aerial refueling drone designed to operate alongside crewed aircraft. During the tests, the aircraft powered itself along the runway under its own control, validating core systems ahead of flight testing. While the drone has yet to take to the air in its operational configuration, these ground trials are a necessary step toward full integration into carrier air wings.
The refueling drone is purpose-built to deliver fuel to carrier-launched aircraft while freeing manned platforms from that role. By taking over routine tanking missions, it allows fighters and strike aircraft to focus on combat and surveillance. The design draws on earlier naval requirements for an uncrewed, carrier-capable aircraft and prioritizes endurance, deck compatibility, and reliable autonomous operation in the demanding maritime environment.
According to Interesting Engineering, although the first operational version has not yet flown, an earlier test aircraft has already demonstrated the concept. In 2021, that prototype completed the world’s first autonomous aerial refueling of another aircraft, proving that uncrewed systems can safely perform one of naval aviation’s most complex tasks. The current effort builds on those results, transitioning from experimental testing to an operational configuration suitable for regular carrier use.
Beyond refueling, the program is viewed as a stepping stone for broader uncrewed aviation at sea. The aircraft is designed to operate from aircraft carriers using existing launch and recovery systems, helping establish procedures and confidence for future unmanned platforms in the carrier environment.
Extending the range of carrier-based aircraft increases operational reach while reducing risk to pilots tasked with support missions. It also supports dispersed and flexible naval operations, especially in scenarios where carriers must operate farther from contested areas. Over time, experience gained from operating an uncrewed tanker is expected to inform future roles for autonomous systems, including surveillance and strike.
Despite delays to the flight schedule, the program remains central to plans for modernizing carrier aviation, with initial operational capability expected once flight testing and carrier integration are complete.
