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In a recent innovation, Japanese researchers have developed a bio-hybrid drone that merges silkworm moth antennae with robotic technology to improve odor detection and navigation. This novelty overcomes traditional drone limitations, especially in environments where visual sensors struggle, such as in low-light or dusty conditions. The bio-hybrid drone promises to revolutionize applications in gas detection, disaster response, and environmental monitoring.
Conventional drones rely heavily on visual sensors for navigation, which proves ineffective in disaster zones, where smoke, dust, and darkness obscure sight. To tackle this issue, the team, led by Associate Professor Daigo Terutsuki from Shinshu University, drew inspiration from nature. Male moths possess the remarkable ability to detect pheromones from distances of up to several kilometers, a skill they use to locate mates and food. By mimicking this natural process, called odor-source localization, the researchers aim to enhance the drone’s tracking capabilities.
Building on their earlier work with electroantennography (EAG) sensors, which detect the electrical signals produced by insect antennae, the team improved upon the initial design. Their first prototype had a limited detection range of just two meters. However, with refinements such as a “stepped rotation algorithm”—which mimics the way insects pause during odor tracking—the drone’s tracking precision was significantly enhanced.
Further improvements included redesigning the sensor electrodes to better match the structure of silkworm moth antennae and optimizing airflow resistance through a funnel-shaped enclosure. These modifications resulted in a substantial increase in the drone’s odor-detection range, extending it to five meters. This makes the drone far more effective in real-world scenarios, particularly in search-and-rescue missions where visual sensors may be compromised.
With its innovative blend of biological and robotic technology, this bio-hybrid drone opens up exciting possibilities for improving safety and efficiency in critical situations. By enhancing odor detection and tracking, it could become a vital tool for first responders, environmental agencies, and security personnel worldwide. As this technology continues to evolve, it may one day lead to more intelligent, adaptable drones capable of navigating and responding to complex real-world challenges, ultimately helping to save lives and protect vital infrastructure.
The team’s study was published in the journal npj Robotics.
