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A new type of lightweight concrete developed by Chinese scientists promises to revolutionize runway safety worldwide. Known as “marshmallow” concrete, this innovative material is designed to slow down aircraft during emergency landings, significantly improving runway end safety areas (RESAs) and reducing the risk of accidents.
Developed by the China Building Materials Academy (CBMA) in collaboration with the China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology, the material boasts an ultra-low density—just 200 kilograms per cubic meter, a tenth of the weight of standard concrete. It has a unique ability to absorb the kinetic energy of an aircraft upon impact like a cushion.
The material is now being used at 14 airports across China, where long-term monitoring has shown it maintains consistent performance even in harsh environmental conditions.
According to Interesting Engineering, a unique feature of the “marshmallow” concrete is its structure, which incorporates carefully engineered bubbles within the mix. These bubbles are essential for the material’s ability to absorb impact and decelerate aircraft safely. The team used a special foaming process to create the soft, crushable texture needed to dissipate kinetic energy. To ensure durability and stability, the researchers enhanced the bubbles with a protective coating made from maleated rosin, which prevents the bubbles from collapsing prematurely. This clever combination of lightweight air pockets and reinforced materials allows the concrete to crush in a controlled manner under pressure, absorbing the energy of an aircraft while maintaining its structural integrity over time.
The material’s durability is also one of its key features. Researchers designed a two-stage strength-control system that adjusts the foam’s properties to match changing weather conditions, ensuring that the material continues to perform effectively for years. This design is especially beneficial for airports in extreme climates, where conventional materials may deteriorate more quickly.
Moreover, the foam concrete is a cost-effective alternative to more expensive materials like calcium sulfoaluminate cement, often used internationally but not ideal for smaller airports. The new foam concrete’s affordability and durability make it a promising solution for enhancing airport safety across the globe.
With its unique combination of low cost, environmental resilience, and life-saving potential, “marshmallow” concrete could set a new standard in runway safety, ultimately saving lives while enhancing the efficiency of airports worldwide.
